Modern day history says that the Indian Civilization dates back from 4500 – 2500 BCE. The Greek, Mesapatomian and Egyptian Civilizations are often encountered as the oldest civilizations in the world. Several Historians, Indologists (Those who learn about India) and anthropologists after a serious study have come to a conclusion that the Indian civilization is the oldest compared to any other civilizations in the world.
Many scholars and historians have spent their entire life time in finding out the origin of civilizations and mankind. Many theories have been put forward by the scholars on the migration of mankind during different periods of time.
While all other civilizations where at a stage of decay, India flourished with her rich cultural and traditional richness. 20th Century can be considered as an golden period for India in her timeline as many of her myths started getting a recognition with a historical and scientific background. Michael Woods in “The Story of India”, mentions South India as “The living civilization”.
Much of the ancient traditional practices and customs are still carried out by the people of India knowing or without, the scientific basis. These practices receive scientific accreditation and is being spread all over the world. At the same time, the history of the Indian civilization is limited to some 2500 – 4500 BCE. While historians all over the world are being converted into Indologists for their interest, love and passion towards India and her rich cultural background, India lacks Indologists. All our Indian books resemble just as a “Xerox” from a foreign text.
India is the mother of mathematics. Algebra, Geometry, Trigonometry, Calculus and many other branches of mathematics has its deep roots in India. Vedic mathematics gives us a much easier methods and practice to solve problems then the modern day calculations. But till today our schools never teach them. Millions of facts about anatomy, metabolism, genetics and medicine are sleeping without any recognition. All the works of our sages, written texts, more than a million year experiences of a mankind which has been saved for the future generation are being wasted without knowing their value.Our old texts on Jyotishya (Astronomy), Vimanasashtra (Aeronautics), Ayurvedha (Medicines) are still considered to be a mythical fiction story book.
Later parts of 20th Century gradually recognizes the value of Indian civilizations. Indian Vedas, traditions and practices gains accreditation in the global platform. A famous historian Dr. Arnold Joseph Toynbee
India has been existing before since the period it was found to be existed. Indian Civilization has its roots on other global civilizations. It was India that gave the two great languages to the mankind, Tamil and Sanskrit which in-fact gave birth to all other European languages. Forbes Journal on 2000, published that Sanskrit was the most suitable language for computers. “The Mirror” of England, Published that Tamil is the oldest of all other global languages.
Prominent traces of ancient Vedic civilization can still be found today not only in India but outside her borders as well. If we recognize ancient India as a spiritual giant, we will have to reckon with her modern-day representations. This poses a threat to modern civilization and the current world-view. Vedic literature and spiritual ideology loomed as the greatest threat to the British in their imperialistic conquest of India.
The Aryans’ footsteps are found throughout neighboring Southeast Asia. They were skilled navigators and pioneers of many cultural developments. According to several sources, these Aryans ruled in Java, Bali, Sumatra, Borneo, Philippines, Cambodia, Vietnam, Annan, Burma, and Thailand until the 14th century. Even today, the kings of Thailand bear the title of Rama after the Indian epic of Ramayana. The story of Ramayana is depicted on the palace walls of Bangkok.
Cambodia, the ancient Kamboja, boasts the largest temple complex in the world, named Ankor from the Sanskrit language meaning ‘the capital city’. It was built in honor of Lord Vishnu by an Indian King, Suriyavarma II. The complex extends over an area more than twice the size of Manhattan and took 37 years to complete.
Vietnam once called Champa, figured prominently as a stepping-stone of India’s cultural expansion. The Hindu state of Java was founded by the King of Kalinga (Orissa) in the 1st century C.E. Java is said to be the ancient Yava-Dveepa mentioned in the Ramayana. The Indonesian national flag flies the symbol of Garuda, the bird carrier of Vishnu.
In 1949, two scholars, Gordon Ekholm and Chaman Lal, systematically compared the Mayan, Aztec, Incan, and North American Indian civilizations with the Hindu-oriented countries of Southeast Asia and with India herself. According to them, the emigrant cultures of India took with them India’s system of time measurement, local gods, and customs. They found signs of Aryan civilization through out the Americas in art (lotus flowers with knotted stems and half-dragon/half -fish motifs found commonly in paintings and carvings), architecture, calendars, astronomy, religious symbols, and even games such as our Parchesi and Mexican Patolli, which have their origins in India’s pachisi.
Both the Hindus and the Americans used similar items in their worship rituals. They both maintained the concept of Four Yuga cycles or cosmological seasons, extending over thousands of years, and conceived of 12 constellations with reference to the sun as indicated by the Incan sun calendar. Royal insignias, system of government, and practice of religious dance and temple worship all showed remarkable similarities, pointing its strongly to the idea that the Americas were strongly influenced by the Aryans.
Another scholar, Ramon Mena, author of the “Mexican Archeology” called the Nahuatl, Zapoteca, and Mayan languages of Hindu origin. He says that ‘ their writing and their personal adornments.. their system and style of construction clearly indicate the remotest antiquity….they all speak of India and the Orient.
History says it was Christopher Columbus who landed first in America. When Columbus landed in America he found a group of tribal people, whom he considered as the Indians as he was unfortunately believing that the land he landed upon was India. He called them as the Indians.
But who where they? Where did they come from? Have any ships sailed across the Atlantic before the Columbus?
A series of archeological and linguistic researches have been carried out by many scientists across the world to explore the early life of America. These researches put out many shocking relationships between the Ancient Mayan Civilization and South Indian Civilization in terms of their tradition, culture, religion, worship, language, architecture and astronomy.
Dr Baron Robert Freiherr von Heine Geldern (1885 – 1968) andGordon F. Ekholm (1909 – 1987) World’s leading anthropologists, have said:
“Ships of size that carried Fa-Hien (399-414 AD) from India to China (through stormy China water) were certainly capable of proceeding all the way to Mexico and Peru by crossing the Pacific. One thousand years before the birth of Columbus Indian ships were far superior to any made in Europe up to the 18th century.”
Right from the period of first Spanish historian Mr. Fray Shahaun (1515 AD) till today a number of scholars have worked over the life of native Americans and some of them came to the conclusion that in ancient times people from India and the Indian archipelago migrated to America and developed a great civilization there. In his book ‘A Compact History of Mexico’ Mr. Ignacio Bernall states that people from Asia entered America some thirty-five thousand years before, whereas Mr. Arcio Nuns, a Brazilian nuclear scientist, mentions about the Dravidians of Asia with America as old as eleven thousand years.
Sylvain Levi (1863-1935) French scholar and Orientalist who wrote on Eastern religion, literature, and history. Levi was appointed a lecturer at the school of higher studies in Paris (1886), he taught Sanskrit at the Sorbonne (1889-94) and wrote his doctoral dissertation, Le Théâtre indien (“The Indian Theatre”).
In L’Inde et le monde (“India and the World”), he discussed India’s role among nations. He writes:
“From Persia to the Chinese Sea, from the icy regions of Siberia to the islands of Java and Borneo, from Oceania to Socotra, India has propagated her beliefs, her tales and her civilization. She has left indelible imprints on one-fourth of the human race in the course of a long succession of centuries.”
“She has the right to reclaim in universal history the rank that ignorance has refused her for a long time and to hold her place amongst the great nations summarizing and symbolizing the spirit of Humanity.”
With great zeal Indian historians pointed out that, in the past, Hindu civilization had extended far beyond the present boundaries of India. It had included not only Southeast Asia but extended as far as Indonesia (Bali and Java), the Philippines and perhaps it has influence even to South America, is something the world may have to think again, with the strong evidences emerging with time.
The question arises whether the ancient Hindus of Indonesia had contact with Mayan civilization across the pacific which is evident from the pyramid constructions in Indonesia very similar to that of the Mayans.
The strongest, and indeed a hard piece of evidence established for trans-Pacific contact is the use of a particular technique for the manufacture of bark paper, common to China, Southeast Asia, Indonesia and Mesoamerica.
Michael Coe, in his book says that knowledge of this paper-making method“was diffused from eastern Indonesia to Mesoamerica at a very early date.” He further argues that since bark paper was used to make books, information may have been exchanged between Pacific and Mesoamerican peoples.
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”There is definitely an important connection between the old Vedic people and Maya-ancestors. The Mayas are actually referred to in The Mahabharata, one of the main Hindu scriptures, as a tribe having left the Indian subcontinent. There are sources who have revealed those people to be the same as the Nagas, one of the oldest Indian tribes recorded. Those Nagas seem to have been a people, later called Danavas, with a capital Nagapur. They are referred to in another main Hindu-scripture, the Ramayana, as belonging to a Naga-Maya tribe, who is said to have transmitted their culture towards Babylonia, Egypt and Greece.”
THE NAGAS AND MAYAS
The Mayan God, Kukulcan
Naga is the Sanskrit word for serpent or snake. The feathered serpent represents the Mayan God Kukulcan or Quetzacoatl, a Christ/Krishna-like figure. In those days the ancient serpent religion referred to the Serpents of Wisdom. Mercury or Hermes (Narada) – his symbol is the caduceus : two serpents entwined around a staff.
“The four principal groups in ancient India were the Asuras (Assyrians or Indus Valley people), Panis (Phoenicians), Yakhus or Yakshas (subjects of Kubera, god of gold and treasure a.k.a. Nagas) and Mayas. We know them today as the Dravidians (Tamils, Malayalam, etc.)
The non Indus Valley people in ancient days were exceedingly superstitious and fearful of the Mayans. The latter were excellent international shippers and traders, builders and astronomers. Their superstitious enemies thought their accomplishments had to be magic and beyond human ability. They were ultimately driven to Ceylon where they inhabited the province of Maya. Later, they went to the Americas, having been taken there by Kubera and his Yakshas.”‘Ceylon’ in those ancient times was more than likely the now sunken land to the south of India and connected geographically to the Ceylon of today, Sri Lanka. This is the ancient Tamil country of which today’s Tamil Nadu in India is but a small remnant
The skill of the Mayan astronomers is also well known:
“Recent studies suggests a link between Indus Valley and Mayans of Central America. The studies focused on the calendars of the two advanced civilizations. The Indus Valley inhabitants followed a calendar based on the movements of Jupiter, and the Mayans followed one based on the Venus. In the Puranas, a secondary Hindu scripture, Jupiter, Brihaspati, was acknowledged to be the leader of the gods, while Venus, Shukra, was the leader of the asuras. The texts further state that the devas and asuras lived on opposite sides of the Earth.
Ancient Tamil Nadu (Kumari Kandam or Lemuria)
Mexico and India are at opposite sides in longitude. The correspondences were pointed out by B. G. Siddarth, director of the B. M. Birla Science Centre in Hyderabad. He also said the Hindu story of the churning of the ocean has been found in carvings in Mexico, as well Mayan representations of a tortoise carrying twelve pillars similar to Indian illustrations. Dr. Ganapati Sthapati of Chennai, a foremost expert on Vastu shatra, the ancient Hindu architecture, has visited the Mayan structures in Central America and found many similarities between the design and construction methods of the Mayans and that of the ancient Hindus.”
South of Mexico lays Guatemala, the major centre for the Mayans, yet they ventured north and south of this location, spreading their knowledge widely.
Dr. Balaram Chakravarti
author of The Indians And The Amerindians has written:
It will be evident from a close study of the texts of Indian Astronomy that Latin America was known to ancient Indians, who called it Pataladesa. The Surya Siddhanta, a textbook of Astronomy, composed before 500 A.D. identifies and describes Pataldesa in very clear and definite terms in the chapter of geography (chapter xii).
The Surya Siddhanta categorically says that the Devas and Asuras live on the earth. The Devas live in the northern hemisphere while the Asuras live in the Southern hemisphere and have a tradition of enmity against each other. It further says that the ocean which surrounds the poles of the earth has divided the planet into two great continents, viz. the continent of the Devas and the continent of the Asuras. The Brahmanas of India write the epithet Deva-Serman after their names thus describing themselves as the Devas.
When the Sun is in the northern hemisphere eg. in Aries, he appears first to the Devas, and again when the Sun is in the southern hemisphere, he appears first to the Asuras. When the Sun is on the Equator both the Devas and the Asuras find the Sun in the middle and the days and nights are equal. As the Sun proceeds to the northern hemisphere, the Devas experience summer because of the directness and intensity of the solar rays, the Asuras do not get the rays so directly then and its intensity is also less, the sun being in the northern hemisphere. Hence they experience winter during this time. This obviously indicates that Pataldesa was South America.
The Surya Siddhanta explains how the people living on opposite ends of the globe consider themselves, wrongly, as living on the upper and lower part of the globe, though there cannot really be an upper or lower part, of the globe, which moves in vaccuum.
Surya Siddhanta also mentions the four great cities situated on the opposite ends of the world, equidistant from one another. 1. Yamakotipura in Bhadrasvavarsa (Indonesia?) in the east, Lanka in Bharatvarsa (India) in the south and 3. Rome in Ketumalavarsa (Europe) in the west and Siddhapura in Kuruvarsa (America?) in the north.
The celebrated astronomer Bhaskaracarya mentions the time difference between the important cities situated in different parts of the world in his Siddhanta Siromani(Goladhyaya) thus:
“When the sun rises at Lanka, the time as at Yakakotipura to the east of Lanka, will be midday. Below the earth at Siddhapura, it will be twilight then, and at Romakadesa in Europe, the time will be midnight.”
Accurate time difference of places around the world found in ancient Sanskrit texts
(image source: The Indians And The Amerindians – By Dr. B. Chakravarti p. 34-110)
(image source: The Indians And The Amerindians – By Dr. B. Chakravarti p. 34-110)
From such location of places round the globe and the movement towards the east, it appears that many Indian merchants used to sail frequently and some even settled down in Indonesia and Indochina, who used to relay on to Polynesia and then further on to South or Middle America, may be not a single ship and in a single effort, but after stopovers at the important ports on the other islands-chain of which seems to have existed then and some of which submerged later because of tectonic movements. It seems that some contact with the cities mentioned by Bhaskaracharya might have existed till his time.
With time, we are increasingly aware of the existence of ever older cultures. As recently as the 18th century, it was believed that human culture was something very recent - that the first roots of it are to be found only in the social and scholarly institutions of ancient Greece and Rome. The Europeans of that time thought that prior to ancient Greece there were only uncivilized customs and barbaric art and therefore ideas about nature, and particularly about the Universe, must have been quite primitive, too. Furthermore, it was commonly thought that though, to be sure, the Greeks had laid the foundations for modern science, true scientific research had actually begun only in the Renaissance era.
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